Screening – guarding the health of a pregnant woman!

Future Mom is often in the Health of her baby. Screening procedure during pregnancy dispels doubt and give information about the state of health Mom and Child

Screening is a relatively new and unfamiliar procedure, and from ignorance and attitude to it can be different, from a sharply positive to the categorically negative. However, experts argue that screening test is a completely safe and quite painless method of examination of pregnant women who can give full information about the fruit and its development at the moment.

Do not take into account the information obtained as a result of such a procedure is not rational, because with such awareness, parents can prepare in advance towards any unexpected turns associated with the health of the future child.

Screening theory

If you translate the name of the procedure, then it will be literally «screening», That is, healthy pregnant women are eliminated from those who have problems and complications during childbirth or after them.

Thanks to this procedure, you can calculate the most accurate probability of Down syndrome, calculate possible spontaneous miscarriages, malformations, and so on. On the other hand, women’s ignorance during pregnancy can enjoy unforeseen difficulties to her, which it may not be ready.

So the use of screening to prove no longer needed. The survey during the first trimester is called first or early and is held from 11 to 13 weeks following consultations with the doctor.

Terms of the second screening

The timing of the second screening during pregnancy (it is also called a triple test, the name comes from the number of hormones that is checked) Specialists are determined by the fourteenth to twentieth weeks from the date of the last month. The most favorable test period has a period of sixteenth to the eighteenth week.

This is due to the fact that in this period, a pregnant woman has a maximum amount of hormones in its body, and the screening results with this state of affairs will be as close as possible to the real position of things.

The triple test comprehensively includes the definition of some hormones-markers in the blood of a pregnant woman (AFP (Alfaphhetoprotein), free estriol, and B-hgch) and ultrasound examination or ultrasound. It is held for all women in order to confirm the early examination or refutation of the first data. Either the second screening is carried out with the testimony that arose.

Indications for research

Indications for research are the same with First screening and they are quite logical.

This screening is prescribed in the following cases:

• If the future parents of the child have a blood relationship;
• The future mother suffered an acute bacterial or viral disease;
• If a woman suffers from diseases transmitting genetically: oncological pathology, diabetes, disease of the musculoskeletal system;
• if one of the parents in the family has genetic disease, called chromosomal;
• If the future mother has already premature childbirth or miscarriage;
• If a pregnant woman has already been born a child with anomalies of development;
• If a pregnant woman has a history of fetal death before childbirth;
• If a pregnant woman, during the initial ultrasound, the fourteenth week of pregnancy was identified by the pathology in the development of the fetus.

Another reason for the study is the development of an acute infectious disease on the period of the fourteenth to twentieth week, or if a pregnant woman has discovered a tumor later than the fourteenth week.

In cases of acute infectious disease and tumor, a woman should be directed to a genetics doctor to address the need for a complete perinatal study of the second trimester.

Indicators for estimation

With the second screening examination, the following indicators are estimated: the volume of the head, abdomen, chest, the length of the bones of the same name on both sides. During the second examination, it is possible to conclude whether the term of the pregnancy, the size of the fetus and the proportionality of its development.

The brains and ventricles of the brain, the FAS and the profile of the face, including the socket and the nasolabial triangle, spine, the bladder and kidneys, the intestines and the stomach, the ventricles and the atrium of the heart, as well as the places of large vessels from it. By the way, during the second screening procedure, it is possible to find out if there are anomalies of the development of organs and how the cardiovascular system is developing.

At the same time, this examination shows maternal pharmacular, or temporary authorities. With it, the thickness and location of the placenta, its degree of maturity and structure are estimated; the number of vessels in cord and amniotic fluid; Condition of appendages, necks and walls of the uterus. And already taking all these testimony, it can be concluded that there are currently disadvantages of the development of the fetus, or they are not.

Given all this information and all the risks that may arise, as well as knowing that during the second pregnancy, childbirth may be earlier, screening is a good opportunity to learn about all possible threats in advance.

Study of the level of hormones

So, for example, as already mentioned above, markers hormones are determined by biochemical screening, including AFP, it is a protein that is present in the blood of the future child at a fairly early stage of embryonic development. It is produced in the liver and the Fetal GPC, and its function is to protect the fetus from the immune system of the mother.

If it is observed an increase in the level of AFP, this indicates the likely existence of either meckel syndrome, or anenencephalia – the defect of the nervous tube of the fetus, or the artesia of the esophagus, or the umbilical hernia, and may also fail the front abdominal wall or fetal necrosis.

But the reduced level of the same AFP makes it possible to assume the presence of Down syndrome, Edwards Syndrome, the wrong calculation of the period of pregnancy or the death of the fetus.
Free estriol produces the liver of the fetus, although at the beginning, yet, the placenta, and if the development goes normally, its level is growing all the time.

Increasing its level can be the cause of the following situations: pregnancy multiple, large fruit, disease kidney or liver in a pregnant woman. But the reduction of this hormone can be evidence of intrauterine infection, hypoplasia of the fetus of the fetus, the threat of premature genera, the anencephalius of the fetus, the Down syndrome, or fetoplazater failure.

Screening and second childbirth

During the first birth, everything goes much more difficult and longer, and, with normal pregnancy, they rarely happen before 38 weeks. But with the timing of labor in the second pregnancy, everything is different.

The second pregnancy can end in childbirth, which will begin rapidly and the term of 38 weeks of pregnancy for the second birth – the thing is normal. Screening helps to understand whether Mom and the kid, whom she wears under heart, to rapid unexpected childbirth. Well, if the second genera comes on a period of 39 weeks, then we can assume that you have successfully conveyed to the baby and it is fully ready for the appearance of.

Screening is either no – solves exceptionally future parents, taking responsibility for all possible risks. The task of the doctor is to explain the pregnant woman’s feasibility and properly prepare a future mother for him.