What makes a coagulogram, how to prepare for analysis and decipher it?

The blood coagulation rate must be investigated if a person has to operate, childbirth, it is wounded and t. D. To determine it, this blood test is produced as a coagulogram

A number of diseases and natural processes (for example, childbirth) may be accompanied by blood loss. To avoid it, you need to know the calculation rate of the basic fluid of the human body. To do this, analyzes blood test, called a coagulogram (its name – hemostasiogram).

Thanks to this procedure, it is possible to predict how successful will the upcoming operation be, is it possible to stop bleeding in a patient how optimistic the forecast for his state of health is.

Indications

Blood is a special kind of biological fluid circulating by vessels. Its liquid state, as well as coagulation is regulated by a hemostasis system consisting of vessel cells, platelets, plasma factors.

In what cases shows a coagulogram?

• To determine the general condition in which the hemostasis system is located;
• During survey before surgical intervention;
• A coagulogram is prescribed and in gestosis;
• To monitor the patient’s state when using indirect anticoagulants;
• In the presence of chronic hepatic diseases;
• In varicose veins of the foot;
• During the diagnosis of hemorrhagic diseases.

In addition, the analysis is carried out during pregnancy, no matter what kind of birth – Independent or through «Cesarean».

Future mothers pass this analysis three times for all the time of tooling:

• At the first visit to the doctor about pregnancy;
• Approximately 23 week of tooling;
• The last time during pregnancy before childbirth, the blood for a coagulogram is handed over to 35-36 weeks.

Research can assign and if there are acute inflammatory processes in the body, for the diagnosis of thrombosis. It can be shown and when taking oral contraceptives, anabolics, glucocorticosteroids.

Preparation for research

If it is incorrect, it may even threaten the patient’s life. Make a coagulogram to identify problems with blood clotting, and if there are, they choose the necessary drugs that will avoid complications in operations, childbirth and t. D.

In order for the results of the analyzes to be reliable, a number of rules must be followed:

• Material for research is closed exclusively on an empty stomach. In this regard, it is necessary to abandon meals by 8-12 hours before the analysis. In the evening, on the eve of the passing of biological fluid, you can use a light dinner, but the reception of alcoholic beverages is prohibited (it concerns and beer). On the eve of the analysis should be abandoned with salt, smoked, fried food, conservation;
• Before passing a biological fluid, at least an hour to abandon the reception of juices, coffee, tea, but you can drink conventional water;
• About a quarter of an hour before the blood fence is made, it is recommended to drink a glass of purified water;
• You should protect yourself from hard work, physical exertion before passing the material under study.

If the patient is constantly accepting anticoagulants, he must warn a doctor about it.

Do not take blood for analysis if the patient recently survived or experiences the stressful situation, is in a state of overwork.

How the material studied is closed?

The procedure is carried out in the morning, while it is important that the patient be in front of it had a healthy strong sleep. During the fence of the material, the patient must lie on the couch.

What else needs to be aware of how the blood is surrendered to such a study as a coagulogram?

• The material is taken by means of a sterile dry syringe or a vacuum system;
• The harness does not apply under the procedure, and the needle must have a wide lumen;
• The health worker must make manipulations very carefully not to injure Vienna. Otherwise, not only blood will be taken, but also tissue thromboplastin, which is why the result of the study may be unreliable;
• Two test tubes are filled with biological fluid, but the study places only the contents of the second of them;
• In the tube there must be a sodium citrate (coagulant).

You can produce such a study in any clinic, where there is special equipment for this, and it will take about 2 days to get the results.

Minimum list of indicators

The detailed analysis includes a large number of indicators, and make it to identify hereditary ailments. Nevertheless, not all laboratories have at their disposal the equipment necessary for it.

In this regard, the analysis is usually done with the minimum list of indicators that are able to give an idea of ​​the state of the patient hemostasis system.

What is included in the list of minimum blood coagulograms?

Top coagulation

Biological material in the amount of 2 ml is taken from Vienna. It is divided into 2 equal parts and poured into different test tubes without adding stabilizing elements. To simulate body temperature, test tubes are sent to a water bath, include a stopwatch, a slight tank slightly. Next, the formation of a bunch and time during which it happens. Then the average time is calculated that it took to form a bunch in two test tubes. In this case – 5-10 seconds.

If the duration of the coagulation is lengthened to 15 or more seconds, it can be concluded that the enzyme of prolrombinase, vitamin C and fibrinogen in a man in short supply.

When using a simplified study method, 1 test tube applies, but the result may be less reliable. Accordingly, to identify whether those or other elements are normally, with the help of a coagulogram of blood will be more difficult.

Protombian index

The study of this indicator is carried out by the same algorithm as the coagulation time, but with the addition of calcium chloride and thromboplastin solution in the test tube.

Turning time is normalized by 12-20 seconds. If the process is carried out for a longer period, the decoding of this phenomenon indicates problems with the formation of fibrinogen, Protromina, Protrogbinase. Avitamination, liver disease, dysbacteriosis can lead to this.

The result is indicated in%, while the norm varies in the range of 95% -105%.

Achtv

This abbreviation is decrypted as activated partial thromboplastin time. In this case, the study is carried out using phospholipids. This indicator allows you to determine the presence of lack of plasma factors.

Normally, the coagulation time is 35-55 seconds. Deciphering the value of this indicator when analyzing blood on a coagulogram is such: the elongation of the amount of coagulation time indicates the congenital shortage of coagulation factors, and shortening – On the increased risk of thrombosis.

Fibrinogen

The determination of this indicator is the transfer of fibrin filament into filters, by means of which the amount of fibrinogen is determined.

Its norm is 5.9-11.7 μmol / l. If its quantity is less, it may indicate liver diseases or congenital pathologies. Increased this value can be in infectious, inflammatory diseases, leukemia, which is determined by additional analyzes, particular, bone marrow puncture.

Advanced list of indicators

It includes:

• Retraction. The method determines the compression of blood clot compression, in the normal place it is 40% -95%;
• Plasma recalcification time. When combining calcium and plasma chloride, the time is determined during which the clutter is formed. In the absence of pathologies, it is 1-2 minutes;
• Thrombotest. Due to it, the presence and quality of fibrinogen in the blood is determined. Normal result – 4-5 degree of thrombotest;
• Fibrinolytic activity. This analysis is needed to evaluate blood ability to dissolve thrombus. Norma is 183-263 minutes. If the process takes less time, it means that the patient has increased bleeding.

Pregnant women in the body are processes that can affect the distortion of the results. In particular, the coagulation of the main fluid of the body in pregnant women is slightly increased. Thus, the body of women is protected from bleeding.

Coagulogram allows you to identify problems in the field of heart, liver, renal diseases and ailments of many other organs. Thanks to the analysis, you can prevent blood loss, which often allows you to save the patient life.