Dark spots
Pigment spots on the face – species and causes of their occurrence. Possible troubleshooting methods
Pigment stains are a comprehensive concept that includes a group of pathologies arising from the skin, in which the color of its separate sections is disturbed. A few pigments (melanin, hemoglobin, bilirubin and others are responsible for the color of the skin.). In case of violations of their concentration or absence of one of them and this pathology occurs.
Pigment stains arise on leather with different localization: face, body, arms or feet.
Classification
Another name of these states – hypo- and hypermelaanoses. It comes from a factor determining their occurrence. Melanin – the main pigment, determining the color of the skin of a person – from a very light (whiten) shade, to a completely dark (non-coal).
As a result of insufficient development or excessive accumulation of melanin on the skin and pigmented sections appear. In the first case, it becomes significantly the lighter of the main color of the skin (hypoelaniasis), and in the second – much darker (hypermodose).
In the clinical practice, hypermelaanoses are divided into:
- Primary (congenital, hereditary and acquired);
- Secondary (post-infectious and post-block).
Causes
- The main and main reason for which pigment stains are arising on the human body – ultraviolet. It is he who activates the barrier function of melanin. The longer in the sun, the more darkening. In addition, it is solar burns (to blisters) especially regular – the main reason why pigment stains on the face occur with age;
- Metabolic disorders and diseases of the organs of the digestive tract. Often a variety of liver pathologies can provoke pigment stains on hand and torso;
- Endocrinological diseases can initiate the appearance of both hyper and hypoelaniasis;
- Brave disorders and shocks, neurosis, stressful situations, lack of vitamin C in the body, gynecological diseases can provoke impairment of pigmentation.
Consider in more detail some types of pigmentation.
Freckles
Pigment spots on the face, better known as freckles (Ephelides) are often found among the celers. There are usually after a long exposure to ultraviolet, which is why the pigment is uneven accumulated in different areas of the skin.
Freckles can be located on the face, chest, ears, hands. Their size, color intensity and quantity are very diverse: from several light-colored size from the needle, to major brown in large quantities.
Freckles – This is an uneven distribution of tanning traces, which is why in the cold season they can disappear. With age, the intensity of their color decreases, because the body begins to more evenly take ultraviolet rays.
Nets
Ramibable spots (Naevus) look like small areas intense coloring on the skin with smooth edges. The formation of non-uniforms is practically the same as with other types of pigmentation disorders, it initiates the unequal distribution of staining cells.
The accumulation of melanomytocytes becomes visible, the color varies from light beige to dark brown. If there are many birthmarks or they grow and increase, then this is a sign of rebirth in the oncological process, requiring urgent consultation from the doctor, and possibly surgery.
Lentigo
Lentigiles Seniles – Pigmentation sites arising from the elderly. Often these spots appear in those places that have been subjected to frequent and long-term solar irradiation, including on places of sunny burns. Legend, Lentigo is manifested at the location of the freckles: on the face, the forearms, in the area of the neckline and the backbone zone of the back.
They are a cosmetic defect because they create a false impression of the age of women.
With the occurrence of menopause, the intensity of Lentigo and their number increases.
Dischromia in gestation
Pigment stains during pregnancy occur in women quite often. They are of different intensity in color and with different locations (on hand, face, torso). As a rule, these stains disappear independently after delivery.
But in some cases they remain quite a long time and require cosmetic intervention.
Chloazma
Chloasma – large pigment spots on the face that arise mainly in young women. They are an uneven outline and strive for unification, as a result of which one large spot of a strange form arises.
The process can affect the skin of the neck and ears, almost never turning on the neckline and shoulders. The effect of ultraviolet exacerbates the situation because the number of spots and the lesion area increases. Hormonal imbalance – the main reason for the appearance of pigment spots on the face.
Treatment
Pigment stains, especially having a tendency to increase, often flagel about pathological processes in the body. That is why first of all, it is necessary to consult and examine the therapist, gynecologist and endocrinologist.
If these professionals do not find pathologies in their profile or eliminate those in the case of their presence, then only then can be treated with pigment spots.
Freckles do not bear health threats and many do not consider their problem.
But sometimes this kind of dischromy, especially located on the face, becomes the cause of psychological discomfort. In this case, cosmetologists recommend using bleaching cream that eliminates pigment stains and apply sunscreen with a high UV filter every 2 hours.
Ephelides type spots – deep, which is why chemical peeling with dairy and fruit acids gives a whitening effect and is able to make rid of freckles forever.
Note that such cosmetology procedures do not eliminate photosensitivity, so pigmentation may occur again if you do not use sunscreen.
Congenital birthmarks located on the skin in friction places and on the face, as well as prone to growth should be deleted. In such a situation, they usually resort to laser surgery, cryodestruction or with diathermocoagulation. Scars or cosmetic defects do not occur.
Aging pigmentation is seriously disguised by means of decorative cosmetics. Whitening and exfoliation, can significantly speed up the process of eliminating these stains. The use of aromatic retinoids is healing skin cells and normalizes their activities.
After any cosmetic procedures, normalizing skin condition, it is necessary to use sunscreen and control the disease in order to prevent the occurrence of new pigment spots.
